COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

THE COMPARATIVE AND THE SUPERLATIVE

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).

EXAMPLES

• My house is larger than hers.
• This box is smaller than the one I lost.
• Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
• The rock flew higher than the roof.
• Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).

The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).

EXAMPLES

• My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
• This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
• Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
• We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" is understood)

FORMING REGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends on the number of syllables in the original adjective.

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending.

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
tall	taller	tallest
fat	fatter	fattest
big	bigger	biggest
sad	sadder	saddest

TWO SYLLABLES

Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it safe and use moreand most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i before adding the ending.

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
happy	happier	happiest
simple	simpler	simplest
busy	busier	busiest
tilted	more tilted	most tilted
tangled	more tangled	most tangled

THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
important	more important	most important
expensive	more expensive	most expensive

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
little	less	least
much	more	most
far	further / farther	furthest / farthest

EXAMPLES

• Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.
• You play tennis better than I do.
• This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
• This sweater is less expensive than that one.
• I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.

EXERCISES

TEST - http://anthonyhalderman.com/english/compsup.htm

EL COMPARATIVO Y EL SUPERLATIVO

LOS ADJETIVOS EN GRADO COMPARATIVO

El comparativo se usa en inglés para comparar diferencias entre los dos objetos a los que modifica (larger, smaller, faster, higher). Se emplea en oraciones donde comparamos dos nombres, de la manera siguiente:

Nombre (sujeto) + verbo + adjetivo en grado comparativo + than + nombre (objeto).

El segundo término de la comparación puede omitirse si se entiende a partir del contexto. (ver el último ejemplo).

EJEMPLOS

• My house is larger than hers.
• This box is smaller than the one I lost.
• Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
• The rock flew higher than the roof.
• Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" se sobreentiende)

LOS ADJETIVOS EN GRADO SUPERLATIVO

El superlativo se emplea para describir un objeto que se encuentra en el extremo superior o inferior de una cualidad (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). Se utiliza en oraciones en las que comparamos un sujeto con un grupo de objetos, como aquí:

Nombre (sujeto) + verbo + the + adjetivo en grado superlativo + nombre (objeto).

El grupo con el que se efectúa la comparación puede omitirse si se entiende a partir del contexto (ver el último ejemplo).

EJEMPLOS

• My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
• This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
• Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
• We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" está sobreentendido)

FORMACIÓN DE COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS REGULARES

En inglés, es simple formar el comparativo y el superlativo de la mayoría de los adjetivos. La forma dependerá del número de sílabas del adjetivo.

ADJETIVOS DE UNA SÍLABA

Añadir -er para el comparativo y -est para el superlativo. Si el adjetivo termina en consonante + vocal + consonante, la última consonante debe repetirse antes de añadir la terminación.

Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
tall	taller	tallest
fat	fatter	fattest
big	bigger	biggest
sad	sadder	saddest

ADJETIVOS DE DOS SÍLABAS

Los adjetivos de dos sílabas pueden formar el comparativo añadiendo -er, como los adjetivos de una sílaba, o bien colocando more delante del adjetivo, como ocurre con los de tres sílabas. Igualmente, estos adjetivos pueden formar el superlativo añadiendo la terminación -est o bien poniendo most delante el adjetivo. En muchos casos se utilizan las dos formas, aunque uno de los usos será más habitual que el otro. Si no estamos seguros de que un adjetivo pueda tomar las terminaciones de comparativo o superlativo, es mejor utilizar more y most. Cuando un adjetivo de dos sílabas termina en y, hay que cambiarla por i antes de añadir la terminación.

Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
happy	happier	happiest
simple	simpler	simplest
busy	busier	busiest
tilted	more tilted	most tilted
tangled	more tangled	most tangled

ADJETIVOS DE TRES SÍLABAS O MÁS

Los adjetivos de tres sílabas o más forman el comparativo colocando more antes del adjetivo y el superlativo colocando most.

Adjetivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
important	more important	most important
expensive	more expensive	most expensive

COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES

Algunos adjetivos muy corrientes tienen formas irregulares en los grados comparativo y superlativo.

Adjetivos	Comparativos	Superlativos
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
little	less	least
much	more	most
far	further / farther	furthest / farthest

EJEMPLOS:

• Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.
• You play tennis better than I do.
• This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
• This sweater is less expensive than that one.
• I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.

comparatives video

english video

 EXERCISES: 

1 - http://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/comparatives-and-superlatives

2 - http://www.inglesmundial.com/Intermedio/Leccion13/Gramatica.html

3 GAME: http://www.eslgamesplus.com/comparatives-superlatives-wild-zoo-animals-vocabulary-grammar-interactive-monkey-fun-activity/

4 - Game: http://eslkidsworld.com/Interactive%20games/Grammar%20Games/Comparative%20&%20Superlatives/comparatives%20and%20superlatives%20animals%20football%20quiz.html
                      
                      

ACTIVITY 1:

WRITE 3 COMPARATIVES AND 2 SUPERLATIVES ABOUT COLOMBIAN CITIES, PEOPLE OR TOURISTIC PLACES.

ACTIVITY 2:

WRITE 3 COMPARATIVES AND 2 SUPERLATIVES ABOUT  URBAN TRIBES

clothes and body parts

BODY PARTS

BODY PARTS VIDEO WITH TEST

CLOTHES VOCABULARY VIDEO 

EXERCISES:

1 - http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/vocabulary-exercises/body-parts

2 - https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/word-games/clothes-1

4 - http://www.eslgamesplus.com/body-parts-esl-interactive-pirate-board-game/

5 - http://www.eslgamesplus.com/clothes-vocabulary-esl-memory-game/

DUOLINGO PARA ESCUELAS

HOLA QUERIDOS ESTUDIANTES,
he creado un grupo en DUOLINGO  para que te unas y repases vocabulario, gramatica y expresiones que aveces no logramos practicar en las clases o que no han quedado claras de años anteriores.

Ingresar es muy sencillo, sigue los sigientes pasos:

1 - sigue el enlace que corresponda a tu grupo

9-1 http://duolingo.com/o/qdpezd
9-2 https://www.duolingo.com/o/bzwgfj
10-1  https://www.duolingo.com/o/sngmmm
10-2  https://www.duolingo.com/o/vjfpgp
11-1 https://www.duolingo.com/o/kvxdzd
11-2 https://www.duolingo.com/o/mccprz

2 -  te unes al grupo y creas una cuenta (el uso del correo electronico es opcional, sino tienes no importa) crea un usuario y una contraseña que te sea facil de recordar.

3 -  fija una meta de estudio.

4 - si crees que ya posees algunos conocimientos en ingles, realiza el examen de nivel, el cual te permitira saltar  algunas lecciones. si tienes dudas de tu nivel de ingles  comienza con  lo esencial.

5 - disfruta de tu curso de ingles. (los progresos que obtengas serán monitoreados por el docente y esto puede ayudarte en la nota del periodo)

THE FUTURE TENSE

Future tenses

There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. This page is an introduction to the most important ones:

- Predictions/statements of fact
- Intentions
- Arrangements
- Scheduled events

Predictions/statements of fact

The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.

• The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.
• Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.
• In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school.
• If you help me, I will help you.
• Do you think she will come soon?
• You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder.
• I know my parents won't let me go to the party.
• Will it snow for Christmas?
• I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

Intentions

The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)

• We're going to buy a new car next month.
• I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.
• In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk.
• He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work.
• I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished.
• Are you going to play basketball after school?
• What are you going to have for lunch today?

Note: going to is often used in the past tense to talk about an unfulfilled intention. Examples: I was going to study for my grammar test, but I had no time. / He was going to call you, but he couldn't find his mobile phone. / My grandmother was going to visit us, but she fell and broke her arm.

Arrangements

The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought about and discussed with someone else.)

• I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.
• Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.
• Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Jun-Sik.
• My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.
• I'm not returning home for the holidays, so I can come to your party after all!
• Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?
• Do you know if he is going to the dance with Maiko next week?

Scheduled events

The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).

• Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
• I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York
at midnight the next day.
• She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today.
• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.
• When does the meeting begin?

exercises:

practice  here

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/future-simple-exercises.html

activity:

write a paragraph about your plans for the next weekend. use will and Be Going to 

(100 words minimum)

WRITE IT IN THE COMMENT SECTION